LLAW’s All Things Nuclear #752, Monday, (09/16/2024)
LLAW’s All Things Nuclear #752, Monday, (09/16/2024)
“End Nuclear Insanity Before Nuclear Insanity Ends Humanity”
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at an inspection in Russia’s Kursk plant
LLAW’s NUCLEAR VIEWS, ISSUES & COMMENTS, Monday, (09/16/2024)
I am pleased to finally see that a significant news outlet has at last realized the danger involving nuclear power plants in a war or a terrorist situation. And I am also pleased to see that the messenger is the “Bulletin of Atomic Scientists”, a publication that I subscribe to. No doubt other news agencies have noticed this risk for the future world — and in this case, the immediate potential of a world war that could be created by the ongoing territorial present war between Russia and Ukraine.
So I am gratified to the extent that I am no longer alone concerning the role of nuclear power plants as potential weapons of mass destruction, as is the case even now, as well as even moreso on our continual errant path toward building and operating more and more nuclear power facilities, large or small, in the USA and around the world.
We must stop in our tracks now, turn around, and promptly end the idea of expanded nuclear energy and get rid of what exists now and dispose of nuclear weapons and all uranium nuclear fuel and nuclear waste in the same major project that, as I have mentioned over recent years as well as in yesterday’s blog. Such an endeavor will take many unified long but politically tenuous years of compromise and cooperation among all nations in order for life, including human, to continue on this generous life-giving blue-green planet Earth — the essence of all life as we know it. ~llaw
Nuclear power: future energy solution or potential war target?
By Ray Hughes | September 16, 2024
Ukraine’s president posted a video of a fire at Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant on social media on August 11, 2024. Credit: Ukrainian Presidency
Innovative small modular reactors, floating nuclear plants, and microreactors offer potential routes to decarbonization that many countries are embracing. However, these emerging technologies elevate concerns that wartime attacks could expose warfighters and civilians to nuclear fallout. The risk of such exposure could enable states or non-state actors to threaten nuclear consequences without violating the taboo against using nuclear weapons—weakening international resolve to intervene in conflicts.
Russia’s occupation of Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant has already set a dangerous precedent that could sway the course of future wars. More recently, Russia’s Kursk nuclear power plant also came under threat when Ukrainian forces advanced across the border.
The threat to these nuclear facilities underscores how both Russia and Ukraine view nuclear power plants as strategic assets that could bolster their negotiating positions in potential cease-fire discussions. Nuclear power plants could increasingly become strategic targets in war, and the emergence of advanced nuclear technology is likely to spread that danger to new regions of the world.
Caught in the crossfire. Shortly after Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, fighting broke out around Zaporizhzhia, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Direct attacks resulted in a temporary loss of electrical power for cooling, leading many observers in Ukraine and across the world to fear a nuclear disaster.
The Russian military continues to occupy the Zaporizhzhia plant, despite demands from the international community that Russia withdraw from the plant. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi has visited Zaporizhzhia five times—most recently on September 5—in an effort to assess the safety and security of the plant and avert a disaster. On September 9, Grossi stated that Zaporizhzhia still suffers from regular explosions, drone attacks, and gunfire—increasing the risk of an accident. Zaporizhzhia’s six reactors currently remain in cold shutdown, and the IAEA has advised that no reactor should be restarted while the conflict continues.
A few weeks before Grossi last visited Zaporizhzhia, Ukrainian forces crossed the Russian border and entered the Kursk region in a significant escalation of the conflict. As the Ukrainians gained territory, international concern grew regarding the safety of the Kursk nuclear power plant, one of the three largest in Russia. The IAEA issued statements expressing alarm over the plant’s security, particularly in light of reports that Russian forces were digging trenches around the facility in anticipation of Ukrainian advances.
Grossi visited the Kursk plant on August 27 and warned of the risk of a serious nuclear accident. Shortly before Grossi’s visit, Putin accused Ukraine of trying to attack the facility but provided no details or evidence. Amid the advances on Kursk, a fire erupted in one of Zaporizhzhia’s cooling towers, with both Russia and Ukraine pointing fingers at each other.
Nuclear power plants are designed to withstand terrorist attacks, but in the future will also have to be prepared for the possibility of an attack by another state.
Solution to the climate crisis? Climate change and international efforts to reduce carbon emissions have accelerated the ongoing debate about building new nuclear power plants. These debates persist not only in existing nuclear states but increasingly across developing states that have expressed sincere interest in nuclear power. There are about 30 countries that are considering, planning, or starting nuclear power programs around the world, with the majority looking to build small modular reactors.
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are often advertised as the solution to the climate crisis. Proponents argue that SMRs will be more affordable, safer, and better equipped to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons due to their sealed designs; however, this claim has yet to be substantiated. The IAEA highlights that there are currently over 80 SMR designs under development in 18 different countries.
The emergence of this new technology is happening at a time when nuclear power plants have become strategic targets in Russia’s war on Ukraine. This has renewed interest in, and international debate about, the need to establish a new convention to protect nuclear power plants during military conflicts.
Some voices insist that the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions adopted in the 1970s are sufficient to protect civil nuclear power plants. Despite these protocols, however, Russia has set a dangerous precedent that an occupying army can use a nuclear power plant to shield itself from an adversary’s attacks. The nuclear power plant then becomes a valuable strategic asset, because the risk of a nuclear accident deters the defender from trying to liberate the plant.
Rising risks. The promise of SMRs will likely increase the number of nuclear power plants worldwide from the current 416 reactors in 32 countries. Many states in the Middle East and Africa have expressed interest in SMRs and are in volatile areas that face a heightened risk of armed conflict. It is imperative to establish an international initiative to prevent nuclear power plants from becoming wartime targets, while ensuring that the effort does not hinder the growth of nuclear energy, particularly in developing countries.
Russia is the world leader in nuclear technology exports and is currently building nuclear reactors in China, India, Iran, Egypt, and Turkey—and constantly looking for new markets. Russia also uses its state-owned-and-operated nuclear corporation Rosatom as a diplomatic tool to counter the influence of the West in many conflict-prone regions. For example, in 2023 Rosatom signed nuclear cooperation agreements with Mali and Burkina Faso, two unstable countries in Africa that have suffered from multiple coups d’etats and terrorism in the Sahel region. These countries have the right to establish nuclear power, but their history of instability makes the acquisition of nuclear technology risky. Given that Russia is the leading exporter of nuclear technology while also being directly involved in conflicts near nuclear power plants, the international community faces a delicate challenge in establishing standards for protecting these plants during times of conflict.
The risks associated with nuclear energy during wartime are not solely heightened by commercial nuclear power. The US Defense Department’s Project Pele intends to provide the military with a transportable power source for a variety of operational needs such as disaster response and power generation at remote locations. Mobile microreactors would provide the military with a clean alternative to fossil fuels, but they should not be deployed to a war zone or unstable region, as they could become attractive targets for an adversary.
The US military is not alone. China has plans to deploy mobile floating nuclear power plants, similar to Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov, in support of its sovereignty claims in the South China Sea. In the event of a major conflict in the region over Taiwan, these floating nuclear power plants would become vulnerable targets for potential nuclear accidents, thus posing a significant risk.
New agreement needed. Warfighting around the Zaporizhzhia and Kursk nuclear power plants represents a dangerous paradigm shift. The safety and security concerns of nuclear power plants has escalated from terrorist threats to major powers occupying and attacking nuclear power plants. If the appetite for nuclear energy grows, the international community must establish an agreement to protect nuclear power plants during conflicts.
The risk of a nuclear catastrophe has the power to profoundly alter the future dynamics of both warfare and energy. Time is running out to establish a cooperative international environment for negotiating a new agreement.
The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC, the US Energy Department, the National Nuclear Security Administration, or the United States government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The LLNL document release number: LLNL-MI-869196.
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There are 7 categories, with the latest addition, (#7) being a Friday weekly roundup of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) global nuclear news stories. Also included is a bonus non-nuclear category for news about the Yellowstone caldera and other volcanic and caldera activity around the world that play an important role in humanity’s lives. The feature categories provide articles and information about ‘all things nuclear’ for you to pick from, usually with up to 3 links with headlines concerning the most important media stories in each category, but sometimes fewer and occasionally even none (especially so with the Yellowstone Caldera). The Categories are listed below in their usual order:
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A current Digest of major nuclear media headlines with automated links is listed below by nuclear Category (in the above listed order). If a Category heading does not appear in the daily news Digest, it means there was no news reported from this Category today. Generally, the three best articles in each Category from around the nuclear world(s) are Posted. Occasionally, if a Post is important enough, it may be listed in multiple Categories.
TODAY’S NUCLEAR WORLD’S NEWS, Monday, (09/16/2024)
All Things Nuclear
NEWS
Uranium, the energy transition & the nuclear fuel global supply chain - KWM
King & Wood Mallesons
Nuclear power currently accounts for about 10% of all electricity generation globally, with operational nuclear power plants in 31 countries worldwide ...
Lindsey Graham: Iran Nuke Quest Powered by Biden-Harris – WCBM TALKRADIO AM 680
WCBM
All About Real Estate · The Weekly Wealth Report · Kevin ... I've never been more worried about a nuclear breakout by Iran than I am right now.
Australia can't afford an AUKUS about-face: 5 things the critics are getting wrong
ANU Reporter - The Australian National University
Australia doesn't need nuclear-propulsion submarines; the deal makes our neighbours in South-East Asia uneasy; it drags us back to our Anglosphere ...
Nuclear Power
NEWS
IAEA Outlook for Nuclear Power Increases for Fourth Straight Year, Adding to Global ...
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has revised up its annual projections for the expansion of nuclear power for a fourth successive ...
IAEA Projects 950 GW of Global Nuclear Power Capacity by 2050
POWER Magazine
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said generation capacity of nuclear power worldwide is expected to rise more than the group ...
Nuclear power: future energy solution or potential war target?
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Many countries are exploring advanced nuclear reactors as a solution to the climate crisis. However, the proliferation of small reactors may ...
Nuclear Power Emergencies
NEWS
Energy Minister: Saudi Arabia continues work on building first nuclear power plant
Saudi Gazette
He also revealed that Riyadh will host International Conference on Nuclear Emergencies by the end of 2025. Addressing the 68th Session of the General ...
Saudi Arabia building first nuclear plant - ARY News
ARY News
... nuclear plant, Saudi nuclear power plant, nuclear energy ... This conference will focus on preparedness for nuclear emergencies and will build on the ...
Saudi Arabia Constructing Its First Nuclear Power Plant: Energy Minister - WE News English
WE News English
Prince Abdulaziz announced that Saudi Arabia will host an international conference on nuclear emergencies at the end of 2025 in Riyadh, as part of the ...
Nuclear War
NEWS
Vladimir Putin ally makes terrifying claim over nuclear war as WW3 fears erupt
Daily Express
Putin has repeatedly made statements about nuclear weapons amid the war, and according to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICANW) ...
What's The Nuclear Firestorm Russia Is Threatening West With? 'US Can't Hide', Roars Putin's Aide
YouTube
Russia's US envoy issues spine-chilling threat. 'US can't hide from nuclear war'. Heightened risk of nuclear war between Russia & NATO.
The Crumbling Nuclear Order - Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs
The risk of nuclear war is the highest it has been since the end of the Cold War. The cause lies primarily with Russia's ongoing nuclear threats ...
Nuclear War Threats
NEWS
The Crumbling Nuclear Order - Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs
The risk of nuclear war is the highest it has been since the end of the Cold War. The cause lies primarily with Russia's ongoing nuclear threats ...
After Ukraine's incursion into Russian territory, fears of Moscow's nuclear arsenal have diminished
NZZ
Despite Russian threats, Ukraine has crossed so-called red lines numerous times. Since February 2022, many observers have seen Russia's war against ...
Ignore 'fascist' Putin's nuclear threat over Storm Shadow deployment, says Lammy - The Telegraph
The Telegraph
... threats to use nuclear weapons. The Foreign Secretary said the West should not be bullied by Putin's threat of all-out war with Nato if Ukraine .
Yellowstone Caldera
NEWS
The mountain that roared | U.S. Geological Survey - USGS.gov
USGS.gov
Yellowstone Caldera Chronicles is a weekly column written by scientists and collaborators of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. This week's ...